What are the signs and treatment options for gum disease?

Gum disease is a serious condition that affects the gums and the bone that supports your teeth. It is caused by a buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on your teeth. If plaque is not removed, it can harden into tartar, which can irritate your gums and lead to gum disease.

There are two main types of gum disease: gingivitis and periodontitis.

Gingivitis is the mildest form of gum disease. It causes the gums to become red, swollen, and tender. Gingivitis can be reversed with good oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing twice a day.

Periodontitis is a more serious form of gum disease. It can cause the gums to pull away from the teeth, forming deep pockets between the teeth and gums. Periodontitis can lead to tooth loss if it is not treated.

Signs and symptoms of gum disease

The signs and symptoms of gum disease can include:

1. Red, swollen, or bleeding gums

2. Loose or sensitive teeth

3. Bad breath

4. Gum recession (the gums pulling away from the teeth)

5. Pockets between the teeth and gums that are deeper than 3 millimeters

6. Loose teeth

Treatment options for gum disease

The treatment for gum disease depends on the severity of the condition.

Gingivitis can be treated with good oral hygiene, such as brushing and flossing twice a day. Your dentist may also recommend a professional cleaning to remove plaque and tartar buildup.

Periodontitis may require more aggressive treatment, such as:

1. Scaling and root planing: This is a procedure where the dentist removes plaque and tartar buildup below the gumline.

2. Antibiotics: Your dentist may prescribe antibiotics to help control the infection.

3. Gum surgery: In some cases, gum surgery may be necessary to remove the pockets between the teeth and gums and to reposition the gums.

Preventing gum disease

The best way to prevent gum disease is to practice good oral hygiene. This includes:

1. Brushing your teeth twice a day for two minutes each time. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste.

2. Flossing your teeth once a day. Flossing removes plaque and food particles from between your teeth, where your toothbrush can't reach.

3. Seeing your dentist for regular dental cleanings and exams. Your dentist can remove plaque and tartar buildup and check for any signs of gum disease.

By following these tips, you can help to keep your teeth and gums healthy for a lifetime.